Digital Transformation of the Global Economy

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-67-75

Author: Vladimir Yur`evich VOSKRESENSKIY,
Candidate of Economic Science, Assistant Professor , Institute of Economics and Management in Industry
e-mail: vvoskresenskiy@mail.ru

Digitalization is one of the current trends in the global economy. Development of digital technologies is closely connected with the development of various industries and spheres of social life. Internet of things, Big Data, cloud computing, mobile technologies, technologies of virtual and mixed reality (AR\VR technologies), robotics, quantum technologies, artifi cial intelligence and neurotechnologies, digital platforms are among the most common in digital economy. Th e article gives an overview of these technologies and analyzes the impact of digitalization on the global economy.

Features of Economic Globalization in the Early 2020’s

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-76-94

Author: Ivan Nikolaevich VORONA,
Russian Foreign Trade Academy, vorona.ivan@gmail.com
e-mail: vorona.ivan@gmail.com

As economic globalization is understood in diff erent ways the article gives a new defi nition to it as a sustainable phenomenon that encompasses intra- and interregional economic ties between countries, the proportion of which as well as the structure and dynamics of global economic fl ows are infl uenced by global value chains and multinational companies. Using the DHL Global Connectedness Index as an integrated measure to analyze trends over the last years including the COVID-19 pandemic the author shows that it is too early to conclude that deglobalization has started. The main trends in economic globalization in the second decade of the XXI century are reviewed and its key features are described.

New Functions of Technical Regulation Measures in International Trade

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-7-36

Authors: Iosif Zinovievich ARONOV,
Doctor of Technical Sciences , Professor , Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Professor, Department of Trade and Trade Regulation
e-mail: aronoviz48@gmail.com
Elena Vladimirovna LEBEDINSKAYA,
Institute of Standardization, Deputy General Director
e-mail: e.v.lebedinskaya@gostinfo.ru
Anna Mikhailovna RYBAKOVA,
Candidate of Biological Sciences , Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) , Associate Professor, Department of Commercial Aff airs and Trade Regulation
e-mail: anna.rybakova57@mail.ru

The paper is based on the analysis of WTO notifi cations, analysis of WTO and OECD publications and examines the new functions of TBT measures related to promoting the implementation of sustainable development goals, promoting environmental goods, developing innovative processes, etc. It is shown that countries increasingly use TBT-measures in times of crisis, with developing countries resorting to them more oft en than developed countries. It is noted that TBT-measures are used to increase productivity, which somewhat contradicts the provisions of the WTO TBT Agreement. Based on the results of the analysis of the Recommendations of the WTO Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade, it was concluded that the best regulatory practice in the fi eld of TBT today includes, inter alia, the establishment of a mechanism for coordinating the actions of authorities in the fi eld of technical regulation; application of practical guidelines for the implementation of regulations and conformity assessment procedures; application of technical measures to achieve environmental goals and solve the problem of climate change, etc.

Global Trends in Cooperative Subcontracting

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-37-45

Authors: Aleksander Ivanovich BELCHUK,
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor , Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Department of World and National Economy, Professor
phone: 8 (499) 147-51-65
Sergej Ivanovich DOLGOV,
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor , Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Research supervisor of Academy
e-mail: info@vavt.ru
Galina Aleksandrovna ORLOVA,
Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor , Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Department of World and National Economy, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of International Economists
e-mail: Galina_Orlova@vavt.ru
Yuri Anatolievich SAVINOV,
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor , Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Department of International Trade and Foreign Trade of RF - Professor
e-mail: Yuriy_Savinov@vavt.ru
Andrey Viktorovich SOTNIKOV,
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor , Retiree
phone: Sotnikov_av1954@mail.ru

The development of modern economy is accompanied by increasing use of various forms of cooperation among economic entities. In recent years, companies have sought to enter into cooperative subcontracting relationship more frequently. The article considers the main obligations of the contractor and subcontractor, and liabilities of the parties for fulfi lling the contract. The similarities and diff erences between subcontracting and outsourcing are indicated. The degree of using subcontractor agreements in business, including foreign trade activities in engineering, processing industries, and services is demonstrated.

Absolutization of the Idea of Free Trade as a Path to Destructing the Multilateral Trading System

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-46-66

Author: Anait Sergeyevna SMBATYAN,
Doctor of Legal Sciences , Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Department of International Law, Professor
e-mail: anait_smbatyan@mail.ru

h e GATT text contains hundreds of commitments and only a few exemptions and exceptions. Since the establishment of the WTO, the same text became the intellectual basis of the organization. But this agreement is almost 80 years old. Th e situation is complicated by the fact that the discourse of current international law is outdated. Among key problems are the rigidity of the international rule-making process, the archaic nature of the rules of treaty interpretation, the diffi culties of amending outdated international treaties. In these conditions, enforcement authorities have come to the fore. They are the ones who set the vector of legal regulation today. An array of «spam» international law is beginning to take shape. States are losing control over treaties. There is another problem – the confusion of law and ethics. The normativity of law is being washed away. Th is is fraught with the loss of formal equality of states. This article analyzes the roots of the changes.

Features of Trade and Economic Cooperation between Russia and Iran

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-95-101

Author: Nikita Sergeevich IVANCHENKO,
Globit LLC, Data Analyst, Postgraduate student
e-mail: info@globit.su

The article considers the current state of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Iran, and in particular promising areas for trade between the countries. The paper analyzes statistical data on key economic indicators of Iran, shows the changes in foreign trade r and identifi es the main commodity groups in exports and imports. Based on these data, the opportunities for increasing export supplies by domestic producers are highlighted, and various forms of cooperation to strengthen business ties are proposed in the conclusio

Russia’s Electricity Exports to China: Prospects

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-102-112

Author: Nikita Maksimovich PETROV,
Baikal Energy Company LLC, Engineer of the Executive Directorate; Master’s student,
e-mail: nikpetrov1998@list.ru

The article is devoted to cross-border electricity trade between Russia and China. The current state and prospects for electricity exports from Russia to China are analyzed. The stages of relationship development in the framework of electricity trade between the countries are considered. The main areas of trade are presented. Attention is paid to the existing international agreements in the fi eld of electric power industry between Russia and China. The article contains statistical data illustrating the dynamics of electricity supply volumes in the period 2000-2022. The prospects for cross-border electricity trade between Russia and China are assessed.

Incompatibility of the EU Border Carbon Adjustment and WTO Law: What should be the EAEU Response?

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-113-126

Author: Valeria Vadimovna SAFRONOVA,
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration , Expert of the Russia-OECD Center, 1st year Master’s student, International Law Faculty
e-mail: lera_safronova_2019@mail.ru

In the article, the correlation of the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism with WTO law is analyzed. In particular, the study is based on Articles I, II, III, XI, XX of the GATT: the compliance of Border Carbon Adjustment with the principles of the national regime and the most favoured nation regime, the associated tariff rate, the general abolition of quantitative restrictions, general exceptions under the GATT are considered. The main problems of compatibility of EU Border Carbon Adjustment and WTO law are outlined. The measures that could be taken in the EAEU in order to protect the economies of the participating states from the negative eff ects caused by cross-border carbon regulation of the EU, as well as measures to develop the EAEU own carbon regulation mechanism aimed at supporting developing economies, are proposed

Russia’s Construction Services Export Potential: Opportunities of Using Th e Akkuyu NPP Case

DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2024-3-127-134

Author: Stepan Olegovich TANGANOV,
PJSC “Carsharing Russia” , Financial Analyst; Postgraduate student
e-mail: tanganov2016@yandex.ru

The article analyzes the potential for Russia’s exports of services in the nuclear power industry. The author analyzes the model of Akkuyu Power Plant project implementation, highlights its main advantages and risks. Much attention is paid to the economic feasibility of the project, identifying the main fi nancial risks. Further, the author analyzes the demand in the nuclear power market, the opportunities of applying the experience of Akkuyu Power Plant for the implementation of projects in other countries. Based on the fi ndings of the study, it is concluded that there is high potential for Russia’s exports of construction services in the nuclear power industry. Key areas of development were identifi ed and the potential for project implementation was highly assessed. Besides, measures to improve the model of interaction with partner countries were proposed, including the reduction of fi nancial risks and improvement of the personnel training system.